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   Diabetes Diabetes is a chronic medical condition characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. This occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Types of Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Description : An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Onset : Typically occurs in children, adolescents, and young adults. Management : Requires lifelong insulin therapy, along with careful monitoring of blood sugar levels, diet, and physical activity. Type 2 Diabetes Description : A metabolic disorder where the body becomes resistant to insulin or the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin. Onset : Usually develops in adults over 45, but increasingly seen in younger individuals due to rising obesity rates. Management : Includes lifestyle changes (diet, exerci...
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  Industrial Biotechnology Industrial biotechnology, also known as white biotechnology, applies biotechnological methods for industrial purposes, including the manufacturing of chemicals, materials, and bioenergy. By leveraging the capabilities of microorganisms and enzymes, industrial biotechnology aims to create sustainable processes that reduce environmental impact, improve efficiency, and create novel products. Key Areas of Industrial Biotechnology Biofuels and Bioenergy Bioethanol: Produced by fermenting sugars from crops like corn, sugarcane, or cellulosic biomass. Bioethanol is a renewable fuel that can be used as an alternative to gasoline. Biodiesel: Made from oils or fats through a process called transesterification. Biodiesel can be used in diesel engines and is biodegradable and non-toxic. Biogas: Generated from the anaerobic digestion of organic matter such as agricultural waste, manure, or food waste. It consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide and can be used fo...
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  Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering, also known as genetic modification or gene editing, is a process that involves altering the genetic material of an organism. This technology is used to modify the DNA of various organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, to achieve desired traits. The advancements in genetic engineering have revolutionized fields such as medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Basic Concepts DNA and Genes DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): The molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It consists of two strands forming a double helix, held together by four types of nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). Genes: Segments of DNA that code for proteins or RNA molecules. These are the basic units of heredity and determine the traits of an organism. Techniques in Genetic Engineering Recombinant DNA Technology: Combining DNA from different organisms to create new genetic combinations. This often involves...
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